Effect of Solar Irradiance and Tilt Angle on the Performance of a 12 Volt Off Grid Solar Power System with 400 Wp Panel Capacity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36257/jieetech.v3i2.10984Keywords:
Off-Grid PV System, Solar Irradiance, Tilt Angle, Inverter Efficiency, Renewable Energy.Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of varying solar irradiance and panel tilt angles on the efficiency of a 12-Volt off-grid Solar Power Generation System (PLTS) with a panel capacity of 400 Wp. The system used in this study consists of a monocrystalline solar panel, an MPPT-type solar charge controller, a 12-Volt VRLA battery, and a pure sine wave inverter. The tests were conducted with solar irradiance levels ranging from 865.5 W/m² to 1242 W/m² and panel tilt angles of 0°, 10°, and 20°. The results show that the efficiency of the PLTS system is significantly influenced by both variables. The highest efficiency was achieved with a combination of solar irradiance between 1179 W/m² and 1242 W/m² and tilt angles between 0° and 10°, where the inverter efficiency reached 89.06%. This combination also provided optimal battery charging performance. A tilt angle between 0° and 10° is recommended as the optimal configuration for solar panel installations on residential buildings in tropical regions, as it yields high efficiency. The combination of high solar irradiance and optimal tilt angle also contributes to efficient battery charging and ensures continuous power supply in an off-grid PLTS system.
References
[1] R. Hasrul, “Sistem Pendinginan Aktif Versus Pasif Di Meningkatkan Output Panel Surya,” J. Sain, Energi, Teknol. Ind., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 79–87, 2021.
[2] C. W. Retno Aita Diantari, Erlina, “Studi Penyimpanan Energi Pada Baterai Plts,” Energi & Kelistrikan, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 120–125, 2018, doi: 10.33322/energi.v9i2.48.
[3] Tri Bagus Prabowo and Rezya Agnesica Sihaloho, “Analisis Ketergantungan Indonesia Pada Teknologi Asing Dalam Sektor Energi dan Dampaknya Pada Keamanan Nasional,” J. Lemhannas RI, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 72–82, 2023, doi: 10.55960/jlri.v11i1.426.
[4] S. Putra and C. Rangkuti, “Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Secara Mandiri Untuk Rumah Tinggal,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Cendekiawan, pp. 23.1-23.7, 2016.
[5] S. Sonya Widyawati Putri, G. Marausna, and E. Eko Prasetiyo, “Analisis Pengaruh Intensitas Cahaya Matahari Terhadap Daya Keluaran Pada Panel Surya,” Tek. STTKD J. Tek. Elektron. Engine, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2022, doi: 10.56521/teknika.v8i1.442.
[6] Muhammad Rifaldi, N. R. Alham, N. Izzah, M. N. Ihsan, and M. Sugianto, “Analisis Efisiensi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan,” J. Rekayasa Trop. Teknol. dan Inov., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 16–24, 2023, doi: 10.30872/retrotekin.v1i1.919.
[7] Jutisya Putrih Senaen, Alfrie Rampengan, and Farly Tumimomor, “Analisis Pengaruh Intensitas Radiasi Matahari Terhadap Tegangan Dan Arus Pada Panel Surya Di Universitas Negeri Manado,” J. Arjuna Publ. Ilmu Pendidikan, Bhs. dan Mat., vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 220–231, 2023, doi: 10.61132/arjuna.v1i6.327.
[8] M. K. M. K. Khusyairi, “Angin Pada on Grid Pv System Di Kutajaya,” vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 53–64, 2024.
[9] Basuki, M. M. Rosadi, and F. S. Hadi, “Analisa Pengaruh Sudut Kemiringan Panel Surya Terhadap Intensitas Cahaya Matahari Dan Tegangan Yang Dihasilkan Panel Surya Tipe Polycrystalline,” Sainsteknopak, pp. 135–140, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal.unhasy.ac.id/index.php/SAINSTEKNOPAK/article/download/1402/1014
[10] D. A. R. Ridho, Rusda, and Marson Ady Putra, “Analisis Pengaruh Sudut Kemiringan Terhadap Penerimaan Iradiasi Matahari Dan Daya Keluaran Yang Dihasilkan Panel Surya,” PoliGrid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 25–31, 2023, doi: 10.46964/poligrid.v4i1.18.
[11] I. Heryanto, / Eryk, M. N. Hidayat, and F. Ronilaya, “Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari pada Solar Panel untuk Penerangan Jalan dan Jalur Hijau Di RW 12 Desa Landungsari Sigit Setya Wiwaha a) , Ika Noer Syamsiana a),” ELPOSYS J. Sist. Kelistrikan, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 0–4, 2020.
[12] M. S. Endiz, G. Gökkuş, A. E. Coşgun, and H. Demir, “A Review of Traditional and Advanced MPPT Approaches for PV Systems Under Uniformly Insolation and Partially Shaded Conditions,” Appl. Sci., vol. 15, no. 3, 2025, doi: 10.3390/app15031031.
[13] M. A. A. Mamun, M. M. Islam, M. Hasanuzzaman, and J. Selvaraj, “Effect of tilt angle on the performance and electrical parameters of a PV module: Comparative indoor and outdoor experimental investigation,” Energy Built Environ., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 278–290, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2021.02.001.
[14] N. Shamim, V. V. Viswanathan, V. L. Sprenkle, E. C. Thomsen, G. Li, and D. M. Reed, “Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Evaluation under Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Duty Cycles,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 9, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15093389.
[15] A. M. R. Al Hadi, C. Ekaputri, and M. Reza, “Estimating the state of charge on lead acid battery using the open circuit voltage method,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1367, no. 1, pp. 0–6, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012077.
[16] N. Ketjoy, W. Chamsa-ard, and P. Mensin, “Analysis of factors affecting efficiency of inverters: Case study grid-connected PV systems in lower northern region of Thailand,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 3857–3868, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.06.075.
[17] A. A. Rahman, Z. Salam, S. Shaari, and M. Z. Ramli, “Methodology to determine photovoltaic inverter conversion efficiency for the equatorial region,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2020, doi: 10.3390/app10010201.
[18] S. & Wasistha and Wibawa, “Efisiensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Off Grid di Laboratorium Teknik Listrik Politeknik Negeri Jakarta,” Pros. Semnas Tek. Elektro dan Inform., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 76–82, 2021.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Auryn Widya Dhana, Jesica Maulidia, Rahma Asta Fitri, Tahdid, Isnandar Yunanto, Sahrul Effendy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
